The First Quarter moon is November 1st, with the moon passing four degrees south of Saturn in the southern fall sky. On November 4th, the gibbous moon passes two degree south of Jupiter in the SE twilight. The big event is the total lunar eclipse on November 8th in the predawn hours; more on it below. The waning gibbous moon passes two degrees north of Mars on November 11th; in December, the full moon will occult Mars for most of the US; we alas will see a very close miss! More on that next month. The last quarter moon on November 16th will hide the fainter Leonid meteors when it peaks in the dawn hours on the following morning. New Moon is on November 23rd.
The moon passes four degrees south of Saturn again on November 28; note this is the sidereal month of 27.3 days, based on the moon returning to the same star field (Saturn moves very slowly, so almost the same place in sky). On November 30th, the moon is again first quarter phase. This marks 29.5 days since the same phase at the first of this month. This phase based month is called the synodic month. The reason for this two day difference is of course we the earth did Not stay put relative to the light giving (and phase making) sun in our yearly orbit of our home star; we are each day (by design) moving about one degree eastward (counter clock wise) in our annual revolution, so when the moon gets to where it left us among the stars 27.3 day later, we are already 30 degrees ahead of it, hence the extra two days for it to catch up!
This should be a very colorful eclipse. It will start with the partial eclipse (much darker umbral bite) at 4:10a.m. Total lunar eclipse finds the moon entirely within the Earth’s umbra at 5:10 p.m.. Maximum eclipse is at 6 a.m. locally, with the moon setting, still totally eclipsed in the SW at 7:15 a.m.. Only farther west can you see all of this eclipse. The earth’s umbral shadow is not black, but deep red, as evident at the bottom of the moon. But the leading edge of our shadow has a bluish cast due to the ozone layer absorbing some of the red light above 50 miles above our heads, leaving mainly blue to refract.
Mercury and Venus are lost in Sun’s glare in November. But Mars is coming to opposition early next month, and getting very big and bright now in the east just after sunset. Compare its brightness to Jupiter, also in the evening sky west of it; at this opposition, Mars is not at its closest to us, so will not get quite at bright as Jupiter even in December. Jupiter dominates the eastern sky now, at its closest approach to Earth in 59 years; in now lies in faint Pisces. Saturn is now in the tail of Capricornus, well east of Jupiter in the southern sky as night falls.
While the naked eye, dark adapted by several minutes away from any bright lights, is a wonderful instrument to stare up into deep space, far beyond our own Milky Way, binoculars are better for spotting specific deep sky objects. For a detailed map of northern hemisphere skies, about October 31st visit the www.skymaps.com website and download the map for November 2022; it will have a more extensive calendar, and list of best objects for the naked eyes, binoculars, and scopes on the back of the map. Sky & Telescope has highlights of the best events for each week at www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/astronomy-podcasts.
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Setting in the southwest is the teapot shape of Sagittarius, which marks the heart of our Milky Way Galaxy, with Saturn just above the lid of its teapot. The best view of our Galaxy lies overhead now. The brightest star of the northern hemisphere, Vega dominates the sky in the northwest. To the northeast of Vega is Deneb, the brightest star of Cygnus the Swan. To the south is Altair, the brightest star of Aquila the Eagle, the third member of the three bright stars that make the Summer Triangle so obvious in the NE these clear autumn evenings. Use binocs and your sky map to spot many clusters here, using the SkyMap download to locate some of the best ones plotted and described on the back.
Overhead the square of Pegasus is a beacon of fall. South of it is the only bright star of Fall, Fomalhaut. If the southern skies of Fall look sparse, it is because we are looking away from our Galaxy into the depths of intergalactic space. The constellation Cassiopeia makes a striking W, rising in the NE as the Big Dipper sets in the NW. Polaris lies about midway between them. She contains many nice star clusters for binocular users in her outer arm of our Milky Way, extending to the NE now. Her daughter, Andromeda, is noted for the nearest big galaxy to ours, below:
Her daughter, Andromeda, starts with the NE corner star of Pegasus’’ Square, and goes NE with two more bright stars in a row. It is from the middle star, beta Andromeda, that we proceed about a quarter the way to the top star in the W of Cassiopeia, and look for a faint blur with the naked eye. M-31, the Andromeda Galaxy, is the most distant object visible with the naked eye.
To the northeast, Andromeda’s hero, Perseus, rises. Perseus contains the famed eclipsing binary star Algol, where the Arabs imagined the eye of the gorgon Medusa would lie. It fades to a third its normal brightness for six out of every 70 hours, as a larger but cooler orange giant covers about 80% of the smaller but hotter and thus brighter companion as seen from Earth. south. Look at Perseus’ feet for the famed Pleiades cluster to rise, a sure sign of bright winter stars to come. This is probably the best sight in the sky with binoculars, with hundreds of fainter stars joining the famed "Seven Sisters" with 10x50 binocs. To the NE, yellow Capella, a giant star the same temperature and color as our much smaller Sun, rises at 7 p.m. as November begins along the northeastern horizon. It is the fifth brightest star in the sky, and a beacon of the colorful and bright winter stars to come in December.
